Poetry Techniques Cheat Sheet

Expert reviewed 22 November 2024 6 minute read


Poetic techniques are devices used by poets to enhance the meaning and emotional impact of their poetry. These techniques can include various elements of language, structure, and sound that work together to create a rich and engaging reading experience.

Poetic Techniques

TechniqueDefinitionExample
EnjambmentThe continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza."April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing"
MeterThe basic rhythmic structure of a line within a poem or poetic work."Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?" - Shakespeare (Iambic Pentameter)
Rhyme SchemeThe pattern of rhythm at the end of each line of a poem or song."The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost (ABAAB)
AssonanceThe repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. It is used to reinforce the meanings of words or to set the mood."Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing." - The "o" sound repeats in "slow," "low," "moan," and "snowing"
AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words."Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
ImageryVisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work."The fog comes on little cat feet."
SymbolismThe use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.The use of a dove to represent peace.
SimileA figure of speech comparing two unlike things, often introduced with the words "like" or "as.""As brave as a lion."
MetaphorA figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action, without using "like" or "as.""Time is a thief."
ConsonanceThe repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase."The ship has sailed to the far off shores."

Practice Question 1

The following poem (Sonnet 18), is a famous poem written by William Shakespeare. Determine some of the poetic techniques, and their meanings, that are present in the extract below:

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  • The opening line of the poem, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?," contains a metaphor, where Shakespeare is comparing the recipient of a poem to a summers day, suggesting their beauty and warmth.
  • The poem follows the well known Shakespearean rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. This means that the lines "A" rhyme with each other, and lines "B" rhyme with each other, and so on. This rhyme scheme adds to the formal elegance of the sonnet, creating a harmonious and balanced structure.
  • The imagery present in Line 6, "And often is his gold complexion dimmed," displays the sun's "gold complexion," creating a visual image of brightness and warmth.

Return to Module 1: The Reading Task