Introduction

Pharmaceutical interventions, including antibiotics and antivirals, have revolutionised infectious disease management. Balancing effectiveness with sustainable use is crucial to ensure these tools remain potent against evolving pathogens.

Antimicrobial Medications

Antivirals

Antibiotics

Initial treatments may use broad-spectrum antibiotics, narrowing to targeted therapies based on test results. Reserve antibiotics address resistant infections, maintained under strict stewardship protocols.

Drug Class	Primary Use	Resistance Management
Broad Spectrum	Initial treatment	Short, controlled courses
Narrow Spectrum	Targeted therapy	Diagnostic guidance
Reserve Antibiotics	Resistant infections	Strict access protocols

Resistance Management and Distribution

Combination therapies limit resistance by attacking pathogens through multiple mechanisms. Monitoring programmes detect emerging resistance patterns, prompting timely interventions. Equitable distribution ensures access in diverse settings, while ongoing evaluation of outcomes and side effects refines approaches.

Key Considerations: