Introduction

Agricultural diseases threaten global food security and economic stability. From direct yield losses to trade disruptions, their impact extends throughout supply chains, affecting producers, consumers, and national economies.

Plant Disease Impact

Wheat rust and rice blast reduce yields, degrade quality, and jeopardise staple crops essential for feeding populations. Such diseases cost billions worldwide and influence long-term agricultural planning.

Impact Level	Effects
Direct	Yield losses, reduced quality
Indirect	Trade restrictions, market instability
Long-term	Altered cropping patterns, variety selection

Livestock Disease Impact

Animal diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease and Avian Influenza lead to livestock losses, limit market access, and disrupt processing and distribution networks. Rural communities often suffer reduced employment and income stability.

Secondary Effects Include:

Managing Disease and Ensuring Food Security

Investments in biosecurity, monitoring, quarantine measures, and infrastructure help prevent and control outbreaks. With growing pressures like climate change and population growth, sustaining food security depends on innovative disease management strategies.